Modification Strategies of g-C3N4 for Potential Applications in Photocatalysis 303

Table 17.3. List of the studies carried out on organic pollutant degradation by g-C3N4-based heterojunctions.

Photocatalyst

Light

Source

Organic

Pollutant

Degradation

Efficiency %

Time (hr)

References

CeO2/g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(400 W)

Rose Bengal

Crystal violet

79.2

76.7

1.5

Shoran et al. 2022

TiO2@g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(100 W)

RhB

95.68

--

Hao et al. 2017

MoS2-g-C3N4@TiO2

Xe lamp

(350 W)

Methylene Blue

97.55

1

Karpuraranjith et al. 2022

ZnO-g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(500 W)

Methylene Blue

75

3

Ngullie et al. 2020

ZnO-g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(300 W)

cephalexin

oxidation

98.9

1

Li et al. 2018

WO3-g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(300 W)

tetracycline

90.54

1

Pan et al. 2020

Ag-WO3/g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(500 W)

oxytetracycline

hydrochloride

97.74

1

Ouyang et al. 2022

Fe3O4/CeO2/g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(300 W)

tetracycline

hydrochloride

96.63

3

Wang et al. 2022

Co3O4-g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(250 W)

Methyl Orange

100

3

Han et al. 2014

MoO3-g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(150 W)

Rhodamine B

93

3

Adhikari and Kim 2020

g-C3N4 -NiO

LED-light

(30 W)

Methyl

Orange (MO)

96.8

2

Chen et al. 2019

WO3/g-C3N4

Xe lamp

(300 W)

sulfamethoxazole

91.7

4

Zhu et al. 2017

g-C3N4 /Bi2O3/TiO2

Xe lamp

Methylene

Blue (MB)

77.5

3

Zhang et al. 2015

to g-C3N4-ZnO heterojunction, has a strong capacity in the degradation of RhB (Li et al. 2019,

Xia et al. 2019). Table 17.3 lists many ongoing research projects on the photodegradation applications

of g-C

3^N4^{-based heterojunctions.}

17.5.2 Sensors

A g-C3N4 nanosheet is an excellent option for a modified electrode for sensors that can detect

analytes like dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, glucose, etc. These advantages include outstanding

fluorescence quenching abilities, quick response to external stimulations, high sensitivity to

analytes, high level of stability light and electricity conversion properties and biocompatibility

(Zou et al. 2018, Wang et al. 2019). As gas sensors, metal oxide semiconductor/g-C3N4 composites

are frequently utilized (Rahman et al. 2021). Consequently, the metal oxide-loaded g-C3N4 has also

disclosed new sensors to identify various materials. g-C3N4-TiO2-based structures are one of the

most popular composites for sensing and other applications. Due to this, the composite exhibited

exceptional stability, repeatability and excellent selectivity, another heterojunction utilized in UV-

assisted gas sensors is ZnO-g-C3N4. It is demonstrated that ZnO-g-C3N4 has significantly greater

ethanol (C2H5OH) detecting capacity than bare ZnO and g-C3N4. The best sensing performance

was demonstrated by the ZnO containing 8% g-C3N4, which is attributed to the efficient separation

of electrons and holes between g-C3N4 and ZnO and the catalytic impact of UV light at room

temperature (Zhai et al. 2018). The applications of g-C

3^N4^{-metal oxide heterojunctions as a sensor}

material are listed in Table 17.4.